NestList
[f, expr, n]NestList[f, x, 3]
NestList[2 # &, 1, 8]
Chaos game rendition of the Sierpinski triangle:
vertices = {{0,0}, {1,0}, {.5, .5 Sqrt[3]}};
points = NestList[.5(vertices[[ RandomInteger[{1,3}] ]] + #) &, {0.,0.}, 500];
Graphics[Point[points], ImageSize->Small]